That power supply would not be a good choice. You want something that will operate in constant current mode (CC) this will make the process way easier and produce better results. The power supply you choose needs meters to indicate both the voltage and the current, you will need to know both. Go and take a look at Caswell's 3 Amp and 20 Amp constant current rectifiers, you want something like that.
Yes, increasing the current density reduces the anodizing time, provided that you can hack the cooling. All of this is easily calculated, you don't have to guess at it.
Aeration (air bubbles) works, but has the disadvantage of producing acid mist. This will rust anything iron or steel that it can reach. You will find agitation method threads here, which illustrate a better way. For now, just stirring the electrolyte for a minute or two every 5 minutes will work OK. Not so vigorously that you splash electrolyte.
You need to be careful with what you read about anodizing on the Internet. I've seen most of it, some of it is downright hilarious its so wrong. If you haven't surmised this by now, this is one of only two sites (that I know of) where you will get tested and verified facts, not hearsay and old wive's tales. That's because some of us here post there too. I am including the anodizing "pro" sites in this statement. These people don't understand their own process, its needless to say that they don't like us. Albert Einstein said "Everything should be as simple as possible, but not simpler". That has what has been going on in anodizing for decades.
The only "pro" that I know personally who understands the math and physics of anodizing is a PhD. electrochemist and materials scientist, and in much more detail than I do. She has helped me develop the formulas I use here and has verified them for me. The other members who will respond here won't be as mathematical; its not their style. But rest assured that they know what they are doing, we all know each other.
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