Electropolishing Facts. E-booklet, word format, 60pp. By Arik Lin, Ph.D.

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Here is a long missing information about electropolishing. Materials,
solutions, calculations (stents) charts and more
Contents:
1. Introduction: The semantics of electrochemical current transfer 1
2. Aim 8
3. Mechanism 9
4. An estimation of voltage 12
4.1. Introducing the solution resistor 14
4.2 Predicting voltage at different currents 15
4.3. The EP polarization curve explained 18
4.4. Working under constant current 20
4.5. Working under constant voltage 22
5. About diffusion 35
6. Anode –cathode conformity 41
7. Cathode and holders materials and bath temperatures 44
8. Handling big objects 44
9. EP calculations 46
10. Shadowing effect 50
11. Role of electrolyte resistance 51
12. Wagner number, Landau number, role of pulse electro polishing 54

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From the preface to Electropolishing Facts.

When we apply voltage between anode and cathode in aqueous system, we normally get electrolysis, hydrogen forms at the cathode, oxygen at the anode. The voltage is about 2-3 volts and trial to increase it will result in augmenting electrolysis action. That is, the metal which comprises the anode is remaining in a fixed state either as a bare metal (in the case of noble or ennobled metal) or having an oxidized skin. To transform from electrolysis to electro polishing we need that oxidized skin to be formed and removed alternately, hence to act below oxygen production voltage. If electro polishing state is not reached, we conclude reasonably that voltage increase is needed to initiate it. So, what we do to start electro polishing and avoid oxygen production?

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ELECTROPOLISHING FACTS, 2nd edition including multi stents EP. 70pp. E-book. https://www.facebook.com/Everymetalchemistry/
Contents:
1. Introduction: The semantics of electrochemical current transfer 1
2. Aim 8
3. Mechanism 9
4. An estimation of voltage 12
4.1. Introducing the solution resistor 14
4.2 Predicting voltage at different currents 15
4.3. The EP polarization curve explained 18
4.4. Working under constant current 20
4.5. Working under constant voltage 22
5. About diffusion 35
6. Anode –cathode conformity 41
7. Cathode and holders materials and bath temperatures 44
8. Handling big objects 44
9. EP calculations 46
10. Shadowing effect 50
11. Role of electrolyte resistance 51
12. Wagner number, Landau number, role of pulse electro polishing 54
13. The electropolishing of multiple S.S. stents with the high
resistance electrolyte 60
13.1. Characterization of empty rake + holders 63
13.2. Pre-etching with 60 stents 64
13.3. EP stage 65